What it treats
Intravitreal injections are used to treat a range of retinal conditions, including:
- Wet age-related macular degeneration
- Diabetic macular edema
- Retinal vein occlusion with macular edema
- Geographic atrophy
- Uveitis
- Certain infections inside the eye
The medication used depends on the condition. The two main categories are anti-VEGF medications, which block the growth of abnormal blood vessels and reduce leakage, and intravitreal steroids, which reduce inflammation and swelling. Antibiotic injections are used in select cases of intraocular infection.
How it works
The vitreous is the gel that fills most of the eye. By injecting medication into this space, we deliver it directly to the retina at much higher concentrations than would be possible with eye drops or pills, with little exposure to the rest of the body. For many retinal conditions, intravitreal injection has dramatically changed what is possible to treat.
Most patients require ongoing injections on a personalized schedule. The interval between injections is adjusted over time based on how the eye is responding.
What to expect
The injection itself takes only a few seconds. Before the injection:
- The eye is numbed with eye drops.
- A topical antiseptic is applied to clean the surface of the eye.
- A small device is used to gently hold the eyelids open.
The injection is given through the white part of the eye (the sclera), in an area chosen to avoid important structures inside the eye. Most patients describe the sensation as a brief pressure rather than pain.
After the injection
- Vision may be blurry for a short time, occasionally the rest of the day.
- The eye may feel scratchy, irritated, or as if something is in it for the first 24 hours. Over-the-counter artificial tears can help with the irritation.
- A spot of redness on the white of the eye is normal and clears in a few days.
- You may notice a small floater or bubble in your vision for a day or two — this is the medication itself or a small air bubble, and it is harmless.
You can resume normal activities the same day, including driving, exercise, and going back to work. Avoid getting water directly in the eye for 24 hours, and avoid swimming, hot tubs, and saunas for 2 days.
More questions about what to expect after your injection?
Our patient guide answers common questions about how you'll feel, what to avoid, vision changes, and when to call us. Read the After-Injection FAQ →
Risks and warning signs
Intravitreal injection is one of the most common procedures performed in retinal care, and serious complications are rare. The main risk is infection inside the eye (endophthalmitis), which is uncommon but can be sight-threatening if not treated quickly.
Call our office immediately if you notice any of the following in the days after an injection:
- Increasing pain in or around the eye
- Decreasing vision
- New light sensitivity
These can be early signs of infection and warrant urgent evaluation.